Summary and Schedule

Make is a tool which can run commands to read files, process these files in some way, and write out the processed files. For example, in software development, Make is used to compile source code into executable programs or libraries, but Make can also be used to:

• run analysis scripts on raw data files to get data files that summarize the raw data;
• run visualization scripts on data files to produce plots; and to
• parse and combine text files and plots to create papers.

Make is called a build tool - it builds data files, plots, papers, programs or libraries. It can also update existing files if desired.

Make tracks the dependencies between the files it creates and the files used to create these. If one of the original files (e.g. a data file) is changed, then Make knows to recreate, or update, the files that depend upon this file (e.g. a plot).

There are now many build tools available, all of which are based on the same concepts as Make.

Prerequisites

In this lesson we use make from the Unix Shell. Some previous experience with using the shell to list directories, create, copy, remove and list files and directories, and run simple scripts is necessary.

Setup

In order to follow this lesson, you will need to download some files. Please follow instructions on the setup page.

	Setup Instructions	Download files required for the lesson
Duration: 00h 00m	1. Introduction	How can I make my results easier to reproduce?
Duration: 00h 25m	2. Makefiles	How do I write a simple Makefile?
Duration: 01h 05m	3. Automatic Variables	How can I abbreviate the rules in my Makefiles?
Duration: 01h 20m	4. Dependencies on Data and Code	How can I write a Makefile to update things when my scripts have changed rather than my input files?
Duration: 01h 40m	5. Pattern Rules	How can I define rules to operate on similar files?
Duration: 01h 50m	6. Variables	How can I eliminate redundancy in my Makefiles?
Duration: 02h 10m	7. Functions	How else can I eliminate redundancy in my Makefiles?
Duration: 02h 35m	8. Self-Documenting Makefiles	How should I document a Makefile?
Duration: 02h 45m	9. Conclusion	What are the advantages and disadvantages of using tools like Make?
Duration: 03h 20m	Finish

The actual schedule may vary slightly depending on the topics and exercises chosen by the instructor.

Files

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You need to download some files to follow this lesson:

1. Download make-lesson.zip.

2. Move make-lesson.zip into a directory which you can access via your bash shell.

3. Open a Bash shell window.

4. Navigate to the directory where you downloaded the file.

5. Unpack make-lesson.zip:

$ unzip make-lesson.zip

6. Change into the make-lesson directory:

$ cd make-lesson

Software

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You also need to have the following software installed on your computer to follow this lesson:

GNU Make

Linux

Make is a standard tool on most Linux systems and should already be available. Check if you already have Make installed by typing make -v into a terminal.

One exception is Debian, and you should install Make from the terminal using sudo apt-get install make.

OSX

You will need to have Xcode installed (download from the Apple website). Check if you already have Make installed by typing make -v into a terminal.

Windows

Use the Software Carpentry Windows installer.

Python

Python2 or Python3, Numpy and Matplotlib are required. They can be installed separately, but the easiest approach is to install Anaconda which includes all of the necessary python software.