This is a concept map of how to manipulate (subset) data in R.
I made a few changes from the lesson and covering similar ground to this example– I focused on “subsetting” rather than “manipulating” because at least within my head I think of the apply function as a second logical step after subsetting–first subset then apply a function to the subset(s). I also used the dplyr tools rather than the base R ones because I find that beginners get less frustrated compared to with the equivalent base R functions like .